Моральні проблеми сучасного суспільства і статус етики

Abstract

У статті розглянуто статус етики, зумовлений як моральними проблемами сучасного суспільства, так і змінами всередині цієї науки. Відмічено, що зміни в сучасній моралі вимагають по-новому оцінити філософське- теоретичні підстави, які могли б бути покладені в основу сучасних моральних систем. Подана коротка історія переосмислення завдань етики, знаходження нових шляхів і методів у порівнянні з попередньою традиційною етикою, яке відбувалось протягом ХХ століття. Дана характеристика прикладної етики як сучасної стадії історичної еволюції практичної філософії. Проаналізовано напрямки взаємодії прикладної й теоретичної частин етики.

The article examines the status of ethics, according to the moral problems of modern society and to changes within this science. In the article, we analyze the state of modern morality, which is characterized by considerable expansion of the sphere of public morality. Its diversification in connection with the creation of professional, corporate and other codes; its institutionalization; her appetite for the future; its connection with the development of the trends of globalization. It is noted that changes in modern morals influenced the status of ethics in society and demand a newer appreciation of the philosophical and theoretical foundations that could be the basis of modern moral systems. The brief history of thinking over the tasks of ethics, finding new ways and methods in comparison with the previous traditional ethics, which took place during the twentieth century. J. Moore laid the foundation for a whole period in the existence of ethics, which received the general name of metaetics, which subject is to strict to logical analysis all the most important ethical concepts: goodness, ideal, duty, and others. After metaetics, came the descriptive period in the development of ethics, which was characterized by studies of empirical facts in the field of sociology and psychology of morality. The current period in the development of ethics is a period of applied ethics. The characteristic of applied ethics is given as a field of theoretical knowledge, as well as practical developments, the subject of which is the imperative valuesense of the concrete relations in which people enter, carrying out various activities. The critics of the identification of applied ethics with professional point of view is not correct and such that leads to the deprivation of ethics of independent status, the transformation into a kind of social technology and displacement on the periphery of the value consciousness of modern society. Applied ethics, representing the modern stage of the historical evolution of practical philosophy, is considered as that which arose and formed within the structure of ethics along with the theoretical, on the one hand, and with the descriptive, on the other. In the interaction of applied and theoretical parts of ethics, two areas are analyzed: the arming of the first specific-philosophical content and the enrichment of the second material for philosophical generalizations, which will help correct as needed the philosophical notion of morality.