Філософські підходи до осмислення категорії «середовище»

Abstract

У статті окреслені наукові підходи до осмислення категорії «середовище» як багатоаспектного і складного об’єкту, яке включає різні компоненти, залежно від кута зору вивчення, та досліджується багатьма науками. Аналіз категорії «середовище» дозволив виявити основні міжгалузеві проблеми його ідентифікації.

Category «environment» has a lot of aspects. It is studied by various sciences, is used in everyday life. Speaking of the natural environment, we mean the «natural environment», which is the object of study of geography and has its own definition – «geographical environment». In the geographical envelope social and economic components that form a «socio-economic environment» are combined. In a simplified version the whole environment can be called as «living environment» of a person. With the nascence of living and thinking matter, the carrier of which is a man, there were some reasons to allocate «noosphere environment». Each person has his own inner world, so-called «internal environment». It does not occur by itself, but is formed mostly under the influence of «the environment», which is a holistic system of natural and social components. For religious-idealistic world view God is the creator of the visible and invisible world, the driving force of the internal and external environment of man. In this vision world is a «divine environment». Philosophers, geographers, biologists, ecologists study environment, and some of its aspects are considered by economists, historians and others. Recently many scientists have spoken of the necessity to form a single, integrated environmental science. This science appeared at the intersection of natural and socio-economic sciences. Its name is invayronmentolohiya. Environment is a financial system that is in dynamic balance. It is achieved due to close relationship and interaction of processes and phenomena during the long history of the development of the Earth and at all stages of the society. The world has an acute problem of interaction with the outside world, especially its natural component. It is connected with contradictions between human activity and the natural environment. This interaction has become crisis. The global problems of modern humanity set the task to find new ways of development, restructuring their relationship to the environment.