Принцип справедливості у філософії Платона та Арістотеля

Abstract

У статті розкрито зміст принципу справедливості у вченнях Платона і Арістотеля. У Платона справедливість виражається у відданості всіх станів своїй справі, в тому, щоб кожен виконував свої обов’язки. Це говорить про те, що справедливість не може означати рівності. Арістотель поділяв справедливість на загальну і приватну, вважаючи, що кожна річ або людина мають свою власну, відповідну сферу діяльності і вплив, переступати які несправедливо, а деякі люди в силу свого характеру і схильностей, мають більш широкі можливості, ніж інші.

The article aims to reveal the meaning of principle justice in studies of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. It was determined that Socrates, who considered justice to be the more expensive subject than gold and wished to prove the existence of general and the only notion of justice, associated it morality and knowledge. According to the philosopher injustice was unnatural, as it was a fruit of ignorance and error. Plato’s justice is expressed in the devotion of all states (some are engaged in sciences and govern the country; the other faithfully follow the laws and bravely defend their homeland; others take care of the necessary supplies and obey the rulers) to one’s business taking into consideration that everyone should be responsible for his duties and justice does not mean equality. There is no element of different social groups’ equalization in Plato’s sense of justice. While treating justice as general and private, Aristotle’s concept recognizes inequality as the basis of the principle of justice. He believed that every person or thing had their own corresponding sphere of activity and influence and to confuse them seemed to be unfair, for some people due to their character and habits, have more opportunities than others. Therefore, Socrates, Plato and Aristotle while raising the problem of justice, associating it with such concepts as wisdom, beauty, harmony parallel to the problems of equality, inequality, state, law, politics, created the theoretical background for the development of further judgments about justice. These preconditions have found their expression in the subsequent history of the development of this concept, reflecting the uniqueness of the historical era, the school of philosophy and social class functions.