Необхідність епістеми «апріорного» в аргументах «концептуального прагматизму»

Abstract

У статті аналізується філософія логіки американського мислителя К. Льюїса, в якій доводиться необхідність включення поняття «апріорного» в систему пізнання. Пошук нових аргументів приводить до прагматичного вибору можливих концептуальних схем як засобів інтерпретації досвіду. Проблема «апріорного» в контексті прагматизму стала результатом аналізу логіки, що відкрило її нові можливості.

In the article the philosophy of logic of American thinker Karl Lewis is analyzed, the need to include the concept of «a priori» in knowledge system is proved. A search for new arguments lead to pragmatic choice of possible conceptual schemes as a means of interpreting experience. The problem of «a priori» in the context of pragmatism was the result of the analysis of logic, which opened its new features. Transformation of empiricism for European philosophy is broader sense of an experience. For pragmatism experience became a «window» into the future, he is a forecast as well as a rule of conduct. In its most critical form an argument of «clarity of ideas» forms an understanding of ideas in terms of what kind of practical consequences it may have. In this context it is necessary to highlight an American philosopher of the twentieth century C. I. Lewis, who made important contributions to the development of logical ideas. It presents a new review of formal logic in terms of a continuum of social experience within which a complete description of possible assumptions can be given in existing conditions. In order to prevent a situation where a false statement includes true, C. Lewis introduces the concept of «strict implications». It proves, that we can not argue both antecedent and consequent object (result) without contradiction. Developing a system of polyvalent logic and thinking about the nature of logical and mathematical concepts, C. Lewis comes to L. Wittgenstein argument, according to which mathematics is presented as a set of tautological statements and allegations. In the context of philosophical reasoning of C. Lewis, a special place takes a concept of «a priori», namely as an important argument in the dispute over the nature of a priori knowledge. Also it gives a possibility to distinguish analytic and synthetic truths. Based on the requirements of modern logic, C. Lewis developed his understanding of the concept of «a priori», which volume coincides with the term «analytic». The article shows that the problem of «a priori» in the context of pragmatism was the result of the study of logic, by which C. Lewis tried to find the answer to the problems, posed by him. The conclusions are made and are selected in a logical system, as well as the initial choice of the logical system, also they meet the criteria that are better to call “pragmatic”. Experience has two components – direct sensory data, which «suggests» thinking reality, and a certain form, design or interpretation, which is a product of mental activity – a concept. They represent a fact that thinking as a result of logical design «brings in experience». «A priori» in the concept C. Lewis becomes a kind of an argument in the development of his logic and philosophy. The interest of a thinker was caused by a desire to understand basics and principles of correct thinking. Logic as a system of deductive conclusions, laws of logic and arguments, finds a confirmation in his pragmatism. The need for «a priori» grows out of the need of empirical necessity of experience, that led to a new understanding of the truth in knowledge.