Модифікації «добра» і «зла» в мисленнєвих рефлексіях теоцентризму: соціофілософський аспект

Abstract

Здійснено аналіз проблеми формування соціальної картини світу в системі середньовічного мислення. Розкрито процес формування духовних цінностей середньовічного життя у взаємозв’язку із соціально-політичними та культурними реаліями. Розглянуто перехід від інтелектуальних трансценденцій до проблеми «добра» і «зла», що свідчить про гуманістичну спрямованість філософського знання епохи теоцентризму.

The problem of forming of socio-cultural worldview in the system of medieval thought is analyzed in the article. The author focusesthat each world characterized and described in philosophy, has not always existed, and is created by social activity, culture and creativity ofphilosophers. In their productive activity which has natural cycles, existing knowledge about the phenomena of life (gods,the being of heroes, spirit and soul, music, nature, economy, etc.) get new sound using rules, regulations and categories. They belong not just to observed phenomena but, on the one hand, to designed, constructed ideal objects, andon the other – to new reality (ideas, logos, being, everything which exists). The new reality is consciously set in parameters of the new thinking. As a result, the world becomes structured, being thought anew. It consists of forms created by thinking of social life, each of which is characterized in the context of the relevant science and philosophy. This situation author considers through the example ofthe age of theocentric philosophy, through the analysis of medieval cycle of thinking. It is qualitatively different from the ancient cycle of thinking. The transformation of thinking usually starts with changing of social, economic, political and cultural spheres of reality and with the formulation of new problems that arise during the solutionof previous ones. But the essence of the transition to the new cycle is caused primarily by systemic crisis, through which every cultureruns. The analysis of the relationship of Christian values of medieval life shows their relationship with socio-political and cultural reality. Thanks to Christianity, in the Middle Ages conversion of the reality takes place. It is built in terms of life through allegorical interpretation of events of being according to schemes of divine worldview, which shows the eternal tragedy of Christ as man and as God. Christianity as a spiritual and moral-value phenomenon has played a decisive role in the transition from ancient to medieval culture, system of thinking and of social life. Moral merits of Christian philosophy as the «religion of love» made it the way of spiritual and practical perception of the world, the true philosophy aboutwhat the true salvationis. The latter was very important for human in his everyday life, because understanding of the inner world (ie, spirituality), takes the ethical form of personal specifi city of humanity, humanity in general. Average believer from the epoch of Middle Ages to could not reach such wisdom. But this metaphorical image accurately conveys the sense of the eternal struggle of «good» and «evil», in which Christianity took part, and which was always desirable for person to participate in its sociality and thinking. This, as the author says, is humanistic and social focus of religious and philosophical thinking of the theocentric era.