Особливості функціонування політичної влади в системі електронної демократії

Abstract

У статті розглядаються принципи реалізації влади, взаємодії громадян з органами влади в постіндустріальному суспільстві. Встановлено, що суспільно-політичні процеси повинні здійснюватися на основі сучасних телекомунікаційних механізмів. Такі механізми забезпечують надання адміністративних послуг, безпосередню взаємодію громадян з владою, можливість суспільного контролю її дій і суспільного впливу на ухвалення владних рішень.

In the article are determined the principles of the functioning of government in the post-industrial society. The need to change the principles of interaction between citizens and authorities associated with increasing of the sense of information, the amount and the level of awareness of people. There is an objective need for their active involvement in political processes. This explains the formation of such phenomena as e-government and e-democracy. They are based on the use of modern information and communication technologies in the field of politics. It makes government more transparent, more operational and more mobile. People get more opportunities in the process of discussing the problems of social life, of the initiation of decision-making, of the election of representative bodies and of monitoring their activities. E-government is characterized as e-governance infrastructure that ensures the provision of public services for citizens by means of Internet. Electronic democracy is a wider phenomenon. It is based primarily on active electronic participation of citizens in political processes. For the proper functioning of this system its necessary such following specifications as information presence of authorities, archive documents, mechanisms for the free communication between citizens and authorities, on-line consultation with the public, discussion forums on the activities of the authorities, on-line surveys, opportunities get answers to queries. The system of electronic democracy includes a wide complex of political relations, in particular, full participation of citizens in political processes, discussing various issues of public life and even decision-making. For providing of the effectiveness of e-democracy it is advisable to combine the separate institutions of representative democracy with the principles of direct democracy based on the telecommunications of post-industrial society. The public has the real right to control the actions of the authorities in the permanent on-line regime. These principles of government work provide the proper level of quality, openness, transparency and accessibility of information in the work of authorities, providing feedback principle, thus creating additional opportunities for interaction between citizens and government. The using the principles of e-democracy in practical life creates enough opportunities for citizen participation in social and political processes, including discussion of the problems of society, voting concerning some decisions, election authority bodies, the statement of attitude in relation to their activity and so on. Providing permanent feedback is an important factor of the public presence in politics.