Концептуалізація філософії історії у некласичній методології (стаття 1)

Abstract

У статті доведено, що у некласичній методології аналізу історії позиція дослідника не абсолютизується, а сфера спостережень обмежена дослідницькими інструментами. Визначальною ж рисою постнекласичної методології є усвідомлення того, що наука це соціальний інститут, і тому наукові картини світу значною мірою визначають цілі і цінності наукової діяльності.

Non-classical analysis methodology of history comes from the fact that the position of the researchers are not considered to be absolute, as the sphere of their research is limited by research tools. Therefore the idea of plurality, additional description of reality and research methods due to the study of methodological support appears. Scientific objectivity is understood as an intellectual assent, the combination of multiple perspectives, but reflection of means and methods of knowledge – as a condition for achieving objectivity. But from historical part of view the past very quickly gains features of stable inevitability, so it negates any options of the development. The past is a given essence where there is no place for possibility. If we accept that the future is probable by its nature, hence it is also incredibly difficult to predict the future as well as to interpret the past. Differentiation of these scientific problems is connected with various scientific instruments. Post non classical methodology appears. Its distinguishing feature is constantly growing awareness of the idea that a science is a social institution and that is why the scientific pictures of the world predominantly determine the goals and values of scientific activity. The criterion of science is not the truth or justice but the efficiency which is determined by the objectives of economic and sociopolitical nature. The position of the researcher is treated as an integral part which is embedded in the structure of the object under consideration and the scientist is not only an observer, but also a part of the reality which is studied. The border between the subject and the object of cognition disappears. The subject together with its method is part of the object which leads to complete destruction of the idea about the existence of an absolute observer. The process of cognition at the same time gains the features of the process of reality constructing. In this study the researcher not only opens the content but designs it as well when extrapolating its practical understanding on the language of their science.