Значення зороастрійського храму в культурному житті Стародавнього Ірану

Abstract

Проаналізовано значення зороастрійського храму (отошкади) в культурно-просвітницькому житті давньоіранського суспільства, питання спадковості поколінь у підтриманні вченої традиції мудрецями, учителями та наставниками й передачі її підростаючому поколінню. Завдяки аналізу «Авести» та іншої дидактичної літератури тої епохи ми маємо можливість вітворити всебічну діяльність храму як просвітницького й освітнього центру, його політичну та релігійну місію.

Analyzed values Zoroastrian temple (otoshkad) in the cultural and educational life of the ancient Iranian society, on the succession of generations in maintaining scientific tradition sages, teachers and mentors and transfer it to the younger generation. Through analysis of “Avesta” and other didactic literature of the era, we can reconstruct the activities of the temple as a comprehensive educational and educational center of its political and religious mission. For the ancient Iranians anticipated labor and physical education, physical labor and hardening (even cruel sense of the word), whose main purpose was military-patriotic training of young generation to protect the homeland and work. The outcome of primary education Zoroastrians in ancient times under the roof otoshkad considered perfect mastery of seven kinds of arts. These included: reading, writing, archery, horse riding, religious canons kiroat (read with great expressiveness) and singing, writing and expense were the lowest levels of education. As the highest level of primary education oratory and eloquence were considered. Analysis of otoshkad from Avestan texts and didactic literature of the period give grounds to conclude that the problem of training young people in them to the next life (education of patriotism, spirituality, morality, religion, fairness, respect for knowledge and understanding of the necessity of self and others.) was One of the key. Zoroastrian temples (otoshkady) were both cultural and educational centers, schools and libraries, custodians and thorough ancient traditions Southwest Asia nations. Also noteworthy is the technique of the educational process in otoshkad that combines verbal, visual and practices, as well as directing each to self. Library systems otoshkad impressive today. But their main achievement has been and remains academic oral tradition.