Роздуми над історичною долею комуністичних ідеалів К. Маркса

Abstract

У статті аналізується доля гуманістичних ідеалів К.Маркса в центрі яких стоїть людина. Доводиться, що діалог який невпин- но відбувається між людиною й природою, взаємозбагачує обох його учасників, «гуманізує» природу й «натуралізує» людину, і цей нескінченний діалектичний процес прямує до стану гармонійної «врівноваженості», «гуманізму» та «натуралізму», який Маркс називає комунізмом.

The article examines the fate of the humanistic ideals by Karl Marx where a person is in the center. It is proved that «a dialogue», which is constantly going on between a person and nature, enriches both counterparts of the dialogue, «humanize» the nature and «naturalize» a person, and this endless dialectical process is directed to the harmony of» balance «,» humanism «and» naturalism «which were called as communism by Marx. Eventually it is hardly possible to look for common things between the Marxist philosophical system and the reality of life. As the reality was «alien» for perfect ins and outs by Marx, he decided to change the reality and began developing a scientific theory of the political transformation of the socio-political circumstances of the real life. Initial humanistic and existential philosophical position of Marx was actually buried under a deep layer of ideological, political, «naturalistic» and other strains. Therefore a Marxist philosophy came into being in the 80s - 90s of XIX century. But Marx did not fi nd political ways of the revolutionary realization of the communist ideal and at the end of their life at the pages of the third volume of «Capital» which was then posthumously published by Engels had to recognize the futility and vainnes of this kind of research. The theory of communism as well as communism itself is considered to be problematic today. If a developed capitalist society changed into something like that which might be compatible with the Marxist idea of communism, it would not ever happened with revolutionary way but an evolutionary way as a single method of gradual transformation of one ianother. The real difference between socialist and bourgeois revolutions was much greater than that which is disclosed in the works of the classics of Marxism.