«Досвід невидимого»: переживання буття, чуття і розуміння у суб’єктивному існуванні людини

Abstract

У статті розглядається проблема достеменності особистісного досвіду людини. Запропоновано тему «досвіду невидимого» в аналізі виявлення буття у досвіді людини, чуття і розуміння її власного суб’єктивного існування та існування інших людей. Показано домінуючий характер та пізнавальну обмеженість ідеї бачення у феноменологічному аналізі людського буття. Показано можливості звернення до досвіду переживання, чуття та розуміння в феноменології і філософській антропології. Обґрунтовано релевантність поняття «переживання буття» на позначення неінтенційного досвіду буття як основи єдності інтенційних актів людської свідомості. Доведено засадниче значення здатностей чуття і розуміння для формування особистісного досвіду людини.

The article studies the problem of authenticity of human experience. The author gives the analysis of experience of existence under the heading “the experience of invisible”. The position of the researcher is that the phenomenology of vision omits the basic spheres of human experience such as the sense and the understanding of being of the personality and of being of the other people and of being as a whole. The cognitional limitedness of the idea of vision in the phenomenological analysis of human existence also lies in its incapability to take into consideration the finiteness of human existence and the existential necessity of infinity and transcendence. Whereas the idea of experience of being comprehends the idea of infinity, the abilities of sense and understanding put human existence in the horizons of finite world, but do not shut the “doors” in it for the human self. Invisible is actually the permanent sphere of human thought and philosophy always considers the interrelation between visible and invisible entities and sites of reality. Being in whole is invisible and its experience is unintentional, while sense and understanding fall under the concept of intentional experience of the self, the other people and other entities. The study determines that the experience of being holds the continuity and unity of human experience. The author argues that sense is prior to understanding in forming of the objects of experience. The experience of sense is also determined as deeper and basic in the relation to the material sensations and human feelings. For example, the phenomenon of internal voice has for the first instance the nature of sense and then of understanding. The intellectual intuition and mental vision are the core of objective experience in human understanding and have timeless character. Whereas the temporality of experience is based on the synthesis of sense and understanding in the experience of being. The study examines the approaches for the research of the experience of being, of abilities of sense and understanding in phenomenology and philosophical anthropology. The author bases his arguments particularly on the phenomenology of perception of M. Merleau-Ponty with his analysis of embodiment and the anthropology of H.Plessner with his idea of eccentric positionality. The research establishes that co-existence of people and even of people with other living creatures is possible upon the common ability of experience of being. The evidence of that is the examples of sympathy between different living entities and people in the living world. However, the ability of sense and understanding as intentional acts are intersubjective and form the special reasonable realm of human world. They have the principal importance for the forming of human experience. For the conclusion, the research proves the relevance of the concept of “experience of being” for the study of nonintentional experience of existence as a basis for unity of intentional acts of human consciousness. Philosophic intuition of being is always founded on this experience. The sense and understanding of a person in the world on this ground makes it possible for a person to regard oneself and the other people, to take own stand in the world, to understand the purpose of existence and to get over its limits.