Онтологічні засади постсучасної моралі

Abstract

У статті зроблена спроба вийти за рамки загальноприйнятих уявлень про релігійні або квазірелігійних принципи моралі і показати її більш глибокі, природні підстави. Аморальна, деструктивна поведінка людей навряд чи може бути коли-небудь усунута з життя соціуму. Вона має місце не тому, що люди, є, нібито, невиправно злими істотами, а тому, що відбувається у руслі загальних законів природи, згідно з якими антиентропійна діяльність будь якої системи (у тому числі, людини) можлива тільки ціною збільшення ентропії навколишнього простору. Ситуація не є безнадійною, оскільки, як з’ясовано сучасною наукою, вирішальну роль у Всесвіті, поряд з масою і енергією, грає інформація. Людські знання, нескінченному розширенню яких не можуть перешкоджати ніякі фізичні закони, у далекій перспективі, можуть впливати на цілу Галактику, навіть, на весь Всесвіт. Усвідомлення того, що кожен індивід причетний до виконання не тільки цивілізаційної, але й космічної місії, що він несе особисту відповідальність за життя на землі і весь космос, здатне стати наріжним каменем постсучасної моралі.

The joint life of people in society needs certain rules and norms that regulate human behavior and ensure the achievement of individual and generally significant goals. For many centuries, this regulation was carried out with the help of morality and law sanctified by religion. Although religion gave divine sanction to morality and law, this did not eliminate the constant manifestations of immoral and criminal behavior, did not make society more orderly and calm. Since science took the lead in understanding the world, the search for the causes of people’s destructive actions has been transferred to the social, psychological and biological fields. However, each of the anthropological theories arising from this, as a result, turned out to be one-sided, did not take into account all the multidimensionality of the human personality, as well as the numerous connections of man with the world. Recent discoveries in the field of synergetic and universal history allow us to take a new look at the problem of abnormal human behavior, as well as the principles that could be used as the basis for modern morality. According to the second law of thermodynamics, the entropy in the Universe observed by us increases, and every system that exists here tends to the most stable, simplest of all possible states. All the more surprising is the fact that the activity of such a complex antientropic in nature. Since its inception, culture has the goal of transforming a person into something more orderly and harmonious than his wild chaotic nature. However, as synergetic shows, antientropic human activity is possible only at the cost of increasing the entropy of the surrounding space. Thus, the destructiveness of people in relation to nature and each other has physical foundations embedded in nature itself. The latter means that immorality and criminality in social life, in principle, cannot be eliminated. Moreover, the complication of the structure and functions of society is likely to lead to an increase in the destructiveness of human behavior in all its forms and forms. At the same time, people more and more fully understand that information plays a decisive role in the universe, along with mass and energy. Human knowledge, the infinite expansion of which cannot be hindered by any physical laws, in the long run, can govern the entire Universe. It is human knowledge, having unlimited possibilities for its development, that are the most important factor that will allow to work out the principles of a new morality. The complexity of the world requires an increasingly complex person. Mastering the newest knowledge, such a person is already emerging. The deep awareness that each individual performs not only the civilizational, but also the space mission, that he is responsible for life on earth and the entire cosmos, can become the cornerstone of the new morality. Prospects for the further development of world civilization rest on the crucial issue of transition from religious morality, built on dividing the world into “our own” and “alien”, to a consistently secular morality based on holistic, cosmocentric thinking.