Уявлення про злочин та покарання в правовій ментальності українського етносу: соціально-філософський аналіз

Abstract

У статті здійснено аналіз уявлень українського етносу про злочин та покарання за його вчинення. Автор зробив спробу обґрунтувати взаємозв’язок між змістом ментально-правових настанов українців та характером злочинності на вітчизняних теренах. Окремо виділено проблему злочинів проти власності та корупційних діянь. Розглянуто і зміст психологічних стереотипів у сфері застосування покарання по відношенню до правопорушників та їх взаємозв’язок з українською дійсністю.

The article analyzes representations of the Ukrainian ethnos about a crime and punishment for its commission. The author attempted to substantiate the relationship between the content of the mentally-legal patterns of Ukrainians and the nature of crime in domestic territories. For example, he came to the conclusion that the behavior of Ukrainians in matters of “honesty and dishonor” is governed by mental archetypes that need to be corrected through the legal ideology supported by the whole society. In addition, domestic legal mentality is characterized by rather ambiguous attitude to the crime: on the one hand, any unlawful activity in the public consciousness is condemned, but at the same time, Ukrainians do not refrain from committing illegal acts, finding for their justification various arguments, among them, and “heroizing” the image of a criminal cossack. Separately, the problem of crimes against property and corruption has been highlighted. The article has argued that the submission of Ukrainians about the socio-legal institution of property is also quite controversial and expressed in the high authority of private property and the treatment of state and public property as “not whose”, and therefore, that which can be attributed. A deep historic traditions of corruption in Ukraine determines their wide distribution, diversity of such acts and an impressive arsenal of arguments to justify them, provided not only at the domestic level but also in certain scientific circles. The content of psychological stereotypes in the sphere of the application of punishment in relation to lawbreakers and their interrelation with Ukrainian reality are also considered. In particular, the extraordinary humanism of Ukrainian legal mentality in this context is noted. For example, domestic mythology in general denies the need to punish criminals for the misdeeds committed by official authorities, placing this mission on the “divine Providence”. For the national conscience of the Ukrainian ethnic group, an extremely contemptuous attitude to the kata profession is characteristic. Along with this, the practice of corporal punishment in the Ukrainian countryside was an extremely common phenomenon and is even used today in the territory of the so-called unrecognized republics of Lugansk and Donetsk oblasts. Humanity of the national mentality is practically embodied in domestic criminal law. Among other things, the death penalty has been abolished and the term of imprisonment is limited to 25 years. The author comes to the conclusion that behavioral stereotypes of the Ukrainian ethnos are controversial, sometimes, mutually exclusive. From the standpoint of the Hegelian law of unity and the struggle of opposites, the contradiction is the root of any movement, as self-movement, the root of vitality, it is the universal principle of self-development. Thus, it can be argued that the internal contradiction in the content of Ukrainian mental-legal archetypes is not so much a flaw as the source of the development of an ethnic group and its national state. Destructive behavioral guidelines in the state discourse, in particular, in the field of the idea of a crime and the punishment for its commission, can be adjusted ways of developing a nationwide political and legal ideology.